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The concept of stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS)was first described by Lars Leksell in 1951.Itwas proposed as a noninvasive alternative to open neurosurgical approaches to manage a variety ofconditions.SRS relies on the precisely guided delivery of high-dose ionizing radiation to an intracranialtarget.The focused convergence of multiple beams yields a potent therapeutic effect on the target and asteep dose fall-off to surrounding structures,thereby minimizing the risk of collateral damage.SRS istypically administered in a single session but can be given in as many as five sessions or fractions.The gamma knife was the first radiosurgical device developed at the Karolinska Institute in 1967.And in 1993,Shipeng Song put forward the concept of rotary gamma knife,which promoted the development of Chinesestereotactic radiotherapy.SRS using the gamma knife has been widely accepted in clinical practice and hascontributed to the development of neurosurgery.More than 500,000 patients have been treated by gammaknife so far,and the method is now an indispensable neurosurgical tool.The primary role of SRS is tocontrol small well-demarcated lesions such as metastatic brain tumors,meningiomas,schwannomas,andpituitary adenomas while preserving the function of surrounding brain tissue.Treatment of cerebralarteriovenous malformations has also been drastically changed after emergence of this technology.Controlling functional disorders is another role of SRS.There is a risk of radiation-induced adverse events,which are usually mild and less frequent.However,especially in large or invasive lesions,those risks arenot negligible and pose limitations.Advancement of irradiation technology and dose planning softwarehave enabled more sophisticated and safer treatment,and further progress will contribute to better treatmentoutcomes not only for brain lesions but also for spine tumors.Although the concept of radiosurgery hasbeen present for more than six decades,radiosurgery continues to be refined and expanded.