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Objective: To evaluate the significance of AFP response to transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods: Included in this study were 338 patients who were diagnosed as HCC with elevated AFP levels (≥20 ng/mL) and underwent TACE treatment.Major response was defined as post-treatment AFP value declining more than 50% of baseline level at the first month after TACE.Minor response was defined as post-treatment AFP value declining less than 50% but more than 25% of baseline level.No response was defined as AFP value declining less than 25% of baseline level.The correlations between AFP response, tumor control rates (TCR) as well as prognosis of HCC were analyzed.