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Zirconium dioxide is an important ceramic with a variety of excellent properties including high melting point,high resistivity,high refractive index,low thermal expansion coefficient,etc.[1].So it can be used to enhance the electrochemical stability of lithium ion battery [2],manufacture high-quality semiconductor [3] and improve the strength of hydroxyapatite bone cement [4].Therefore,it is meaningful to search a high quality and efficiency preparation method for the broad application prospects and development potential of nanosized zirconium dioxide.Electrical wire explosion(EWE)method is recently applied to produce nanosized powders,which is categorized in the gas phase methods [5].There are studies on the dependences of the particle properties,productivity,and product yield of Zr upon the explosion conditions to optimize their selection in a device with a simpler separation system [6].However,most of the researchers were focused on the stage after explosion.The process before explosion and the influence of deposited energy on particle properties were rarely discussed.In this research,Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles were generated by electrical explosion of zirconium wire in the air.The current,voltage and deposited energy waveforms of wire explosion process were used to analyse the dynamics of particle formation.It was analysed that the arc discharge resulted in an explosion and stopped the energy deposition in wire.The oxidation reaction was completed in the stage of explosion expansion.The morphologies of synthesized nanoparticles were nearly spherical with diameters ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm,which were obtained by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope.The phase compositions of crystallites determined by the x-ray diffraction shows that the ratio of the tetragonal and monoclinic phases increase with the increasing charging energy of storage capacitor.