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A VESylated gemcitabine (VES-dFdC) prodrug,which can be self-assembled into nanoparticles in water,is described.VES-dFdC was designed to improve the efficacy of gemcitabine and to overcome its limitations such as short half-life,systemic toxicity,and drug resistance [1].However,VES-dFdC based nanoparticles were not sufficiently stable,and prone to precipitate in PBS or serum.