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Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been established as an effective treatment for patients with hematological malignancies.Disease relapse remains a major cause of transplant failure.T cell homeostasis is critical to determine the potency of the GVT effect.Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4 or CD 152) is a T cell activation negative regulator.Recent studies have shown the association of the CTLA-4 polymorphisms with the outcome after HLA-identical sibling allogeneic HSCT.