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The retrospective analysis was performed to compare the clinical course of radiogenic and sporadic childhood thyroid cancer.Material: The entire series included 752 patients (less than 15 years old).Of them, 686 (91.2%) cases had the history of irradiation, including 681 (exposed at the time of Chemobyl disaster) and 5 (0.7%) children previously treated for malignant lymphoma using external beam therapy.Another group consisted of 66 (8.8%) patients who had no evidence of radiation exposure.All the children underwent surgery.Results: At a moment of diagnosis the prevalent contingent of patients had solitary, usually asymptomatic malignances, less than 2 cm in largest measurement corresponding to T1 (548; 72.9%) with the high frequency of positive neck lymph nodes (623; 69.6%).Microcarcinomas were detected in 278 (37.0%) cases.The comparison of patients with radiogenic and sporadic thyroid cancer revealed no statistically significant difference in size, type of tumor growth and TNM distribution.Symptoms presented at diagnosis were mainly caused by large thyroid nodules or enlarged lymph nodes.Neck mass or discomfort was the common complaint registered in 134 of 163 patients with the clinical manifestations.Sporadic thyroid carcinomas were significantly less symptomatic than radiogenic malignances (p=0.0193).Within follow-up time the recurrence of carcinoma was diagnosed in 204 (27.1%) patients.The main sites of recurring malignancy were lung or lymph nodes.The disease free interval ranged widely between 0 and 213 months after the date of primary surgery without significant difference for radiogenic and sporadic cases.The observed ten years survival was 99.5% and 99.7% in patients with radiogenic and sporadic carcinomas respectively.Conclusion: We ascertain that radiation exposure do not impact the clinical course of pediatric thyroid carcinomas.