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Using equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations,we investigate the phonon thermal conductivity of hydrogenated silicon nanowires(H-SiNWs).In contrast to the usual thermal conductivity reduction observed upon surface passivation due to the enhancement of phonon surface scattering in nanostructures[1-4],we observe increased thermal conductivity upon the surface hydrogenation of thin SiNWs as compared to pure SiNWs [5].We show that such an anomalous effect arises mainly from the hydrogenation-induced specific changes in the lattice structures and phonon modes of surface silicon atoms.