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An Agrobacteriuim-mediated Jatropha curcas transformation procedure has been optimized around high frequency leaf disc regeneration using phosphomannose isomerase(pmi)gene as biosafe selectable marker.A mannose to sucrose ratio of(20g/10g)·L-1 was found to be optimal as selection pressure.Cephalothin as a bacteriostat was optimized at 500 mg·L-1 for inhibition of Agrobacteriuim overgrowth without destructive effect on callus induction.The effect of acetosyringone concentration,inoculation duration,and co-cultivation time was evaluated and found to be most desirable at 0.02mM,10 min and 2 days,respectively.Sonication treatment had a suppressing effect on resistant shoots induction.The transformation efficiency with mannose selection was twice of that with kanamycin selection.PCR amplification identified 6 positive plants from 12 independent mannose-resistant plants.This efficient and biosafe transformation system is of significance to facilitating the genetic improvement of J.curcas as a promising biodiesel plant and also to alleviating public concerns on the wide use of transgenic energy plants.