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Taxanes (Docetaxel, Larotaxel, Ortataxel, Paclitaxel, Tesetaxel) are widely used cytotoxic agents for a range of solid tumor malignancies.Both docetaxel (Doc) and paclitaxel (Pac) are routinely used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Taxanes are unique in stabilizing spindles and suppressing spindle microtubule dynamics, thus blocking cell cycle progression in the G2/M phase.The unique feature renders dual functions against cancer: cytotoxic effect and radiosensitizing effect.Cytotoxic effects derive from apoptosis through aberrant mitosis, while radiosensitizing effects derive from G2/M cell cycle arrest, the most radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle.