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Objective Blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity are enhanced by signaling of myocardial ischemic (MI) injury mediated by P2X3 receptors in rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG).Oxymatrine is a major alkaloid component obtained from sophora roots and has pharmacological effects, e.g., antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic and antitumor activity.The present study is aimed to explore the effects of oxymatrine (Oxy) on the transmission of myocardial ischemic signalling mediated by P2X3 receptors in rat SCG.Methods Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the non-invasive blood pressure determinator.The expression levels of P2X3 mRNA and protein were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and western blotting in SCG neurons.Results (1) The systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased and the expression of P2X3 receptors upregulated in SCG neurons after myocardial ischemic injury.(2) Oxymatrine reduced the systolic blood pressure and heart rate in myocardial ischemic rats.After myocardial ischemic rats treated with oxymatrine, the expression levels of P2X3 mRNA and protein were lower than those in myocardial ischemic rats.Conclusion The myocardial ischemic injury induced an increase in the expression of P2X3 receptors in SCG neurons.Upregulated expression of P2X3 receptors in SCG neurons subsequently leaded to the aggravated myocardial injury by enhancing blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity.Oxymatrine may decrease the expression of P2X3 receptor and depress the aggravated myocardial injury.