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Transdifferentiation, or direct cell reprogramming, where differentiated cells are reprogrammed into another lineage without going through an intermediate stem cell-like stage, produces cells promising for regenerative medicine. It obviates the use of embryos and minimizes the risk of teratoma formation associated with the use of induced pluripotent stem cells. To facilitate eventual translation of transdifferentiation technologies we have demonstrated the feasibility of converting fibroblasts into neurons by nonviral overexpression of transcription factors. The poor conversion efficiency of nonviral direct cell reprogramming requires improvement.