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Malignant gliomas are highly invasive tumors with high mortality.Despite advances in the understanding of gliomas, the treatment of glioma still remains as a major challenge in Neurosurgery.Stat3, as a member of signal transducer and activator of transcription family, plays a critical role in a variety of cancer cells and has been classified as an oncogene.We employed RNAi to investigate the biological function of Stat3 in glioma.Our data showed that Stat3 is constitutively expressed in human glioma cell line U251.Down-regulation of Stat3 expression could inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and decrease invasion activity of human glioma cell line U251, meanwhile, it could suppress the expression of Bcl-xL, survivin and MMP-2 but not 67LR in vitro.Our data also showed that down-regulation of Stat3 could inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis of tumor cell in a xenograft mouse model.Furthermore, Stat3 RNAi could suppress the expression of Bcl-2 in vivo.These results indicate that Stat3 plays an important role in the survival of glioma, and that targeting Stat3 may offer a potential therapeutic approach for glioma.