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Purpose: Aim to prepare and evaluate the bone morphogenesis protein-7 (BMP-7) loaded controlled-releasing microspheres made by poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA).In addition, the proliferation and chondrogenesis of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) induced by BMP-7-loaded PLGA microspheres as an novel alternative for cartilage tissue engeering would be researched in vitro.Mathods: Double emulsion method was applied in preparation of microspheres.The proliferation potential of third passage MSCs was detected by MTT assay and growth curve was gained based on the data from MTT assay.Compare to proliferation and chondrogenesis of MSC between BMP-7-loaded PLGA microspheres group and controlled group.