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We demonstrate a novel method which is simple,real-time,and non-destructive to measure the core diameter of a coaxial cylinder.An optical fiber is an example of coaxial cylinder.The diameter measurement method is based on side-light-incidence scattering principle.For a cladding diameter 126μm coaxial fiber,our method could be used to measure core diameter ranging from 8 to 40μm.We could measure the core diameter of a coaxial cylinder for cladding diameter varying from 50 μm to 125 μm from our database.The accuracy of core diameter measurement could reach over 95%.