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The recovery of useful materials from solid waste has undergone a substantial evolution during the past 40 years.In industrialized countries,a number of sophisticated installations have been designed and implemented to recover a large fraction of recyclable materials to put back into the industrial sector.In addition,the organic(bio-degradable)fraction also is processed to recover either energy or compost or both.All of these processes are carried out by the “formal sector”.On the other hand,in the majority of developing countries,the recovery of materials is carried out by the “informal sector” under a variety of conditions during the storage,transport and final disposal of the wastes.Although several types of industry(pulp and paper,steel,plastic and others)benefit from the materials recovered,the recovery is carried out in an inefficient manner.Furthermore,the people involved in the resource recovery perform the task under very difficult and unhealthy conditions.Up to now,in most developing countries,the production of compost from municipal or urban solid waste is not practiced in a large,formal scale.In this presentation,the author will discuss some of the main issues faced by developing countries in implementing reliable,cost-effective resource recovery plants.The presentation will also cover the recycling potential and some strategies that can be put into practice to be able to maximize resource recovery,protect public health and,perhaps most importantly,that of the people involved in the recycling process.