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Increasing cardiac morbidity of in cardiac surgery require optimized myocardial protection to tolerate high intraoperative ischemic stress.Consequently the question raises what are the limiting factors during such myocardial ischemic stress induced either by long x-clamping periods or by relatively warm systemic and myocardial temperatures.Energy charge potential,mainly ATP,was considered to be the crucial point with myocardial protection,since during ischemia the energy gain only derives from anaerobic glycolysis producing 2mM ATP/1M glucose contrary to 36mM at aerobiosis.