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Volatile anesthetics are widely used in clinical anesthesia.These anesthetics (halothane,enflurane,isoflurane,sevoflurane,desflurane) exert profound negative inotropic and vasodilatory effects.In patients with normal myocardium,minimal adverse effects occur,yet the negative inotropic effect can be significant in patients with compromised myocardial function such as those with cardiomyopathies.The negative inotropic effect results primarily from a decrease of the transsarcolemmal Ca2+ current,and secondarily from a decrease in the uptake and release of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.In addition,minor changes in myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity are observed.