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This study was undertaken to assess the diagnostic value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in the hyperacute effect of total body irradiation on kidney using Tibet minipigs as model.Forty-eight Tibet minipigs were irradiated with different dose total body irradiation respectively using an 8-MV X-ray linear accelerator, and a dose rate of 255cGy/min.Whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT were performed at 6, 24 and 72 hours, kidneys and blood samples were collected for histological microscopy examination and renal function analysis.The results showed that the uptaken of 18F-FDG were signi? cantly different between 11 and 14Gy groups and control group, the SUVs reached the maximal level at 72 hours after 14Gy.Histology observation showed that there were formation of tube cast, degeneration and necrosis of tubular cells and inflammatory cells infiltration, and the chromatin condensation and aggregation, dilatation of the mitochondria of tubules cells, fusion of foot processes of glomerular over 8Gy.Renal function analysis confirmed that the change of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine with various of dosage and observed time.We conclude that 18F-FDG PET/CT can reflect kidney pathological changes and it may be a useful tool in the fast and non-invasive assessment suspected of radiation induced kidney damage.