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The calcium ion(Ca2+)is a ubiquitous intracellular signal participating in a wide repertoire of cellular processes.The complex spatial-temporal profiles of cytosolic Ca2+concentration([Ca2+]Cyt)relies mainly on Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)and mitochondria which are closely apposed in most of the eukaryotic cells.Mitochondria,like ER(the major cellular Ca2+store),are also equipped with an elaborate system of Ca2+uptake and extrusion pathways including mitochondrial Ca2+uniporter(MCU),rapid mode(RaM)and Na+/Ca2+exchanger(NCX)that allow for a fine-tuned regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+concentration([Ca2+]Mt).