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The dynamic recrystallization behaviors of the microalloyed non-quenching and tempering steels of 38MnVS and C38N2 were studied by the simulation of hot deformation in the Gleeble3800.The stress versus strain curves of both steels were measured at different deformation temperature and deformation strain rate.The relationship among deformation temperature,deformation strain rate and the peak stress was analysis to calculate the activation energy of the hot deformation.The dynamic recrystallization behaviors and the grain size measurements were identified based on the microstructural examination.The hot processing map and the hot deformation instability map were drawn based on the relationship among deformation strain rate,deformation temperature and the peak stress to optimize the hot deformation parameters.Both 38MnVS and C38N2 was processed by the controlled forging and controlling cooling process(CFCC-process),it was pointed out that Nb plays an important role in the dynamic recrystallization and the processing of the non-quenching and tempering steels.