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AIM With the finding of insulin receptor in brain areas innervated by cholinergic neurons and some common pathological features in CNS between dementia and diabetes patients,it is thought that streptozotocin (STZ) can induce memory deficit.Trace eyeblink conditioning with a long interval is a form of associative motor learning that the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex are essential for successful learning and memory in addition to the brainstem.In the present study,the acquisition of conditioned response (CR) in trace eyeblink conditioning was investigated in rats following i.c.v.STZ injection.METHODS Male Wistar rats (6 month old) were given bilateral i.c.v injection of either STZ or aCSF on day 1,3,and 20.These rats received eyeblink conditioning with a 500 ms trace interval 40 d after the first STZ injection.