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Bamboo fibers as a reinforcement used in composites are focused due to its advantages such as low cost, low density, ecologically friendly, sustainability and biodegradability, especially its high strength.The purpose of this study is to develop a method for directly evaluating interfacial properties of plant short fibers reinforced thermoplastic composites.The single fiber pull-out test have been extensively used for carbon fibers, glass fibers, steel fibers and bamboo fiber bundles, but not for plant short fibers because of the challenges to prepare the testing samples and operate the experiment.In this paper, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) directly measured by the single fiber pull-out test that we have developed and modified was about 4.98MPa, which confirms the weak interface between hydrophilic natural fibers without any treatment and hydrophobic polypropylene in composites.Besides, the SEM images showed the rough surface of PPs cavities left after the single fiber was pulled out from the PP matrix, which was correctly corresponding to the typical single fiber pull-out curve and accounted for the mechanical interlocking and friction in the interfacial areas.