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OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of icariin(ICA) on neurogenesis and angiogenesis after ischemia, and in vestigate the possible mechanism.METHODS The rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo)-reperfu sion injury with thread embolus, 24 h later ICA was intragastri cally administrated to rats at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg·kg-1once a day, respectively, continuously for 28 d.The behavioral test was performed using the neurological severity score (NSS)18 scores at 24, 72 h, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d after ischemia, re sepectively.Rats were sacrificed 28 d after MCAo, infarct vol ume was evaluated by TTC staining.The mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB and VEGF and its receptor VEGFR2 were detected by RT-PCR,and the protein expression of BDNF, TrkB, VEGF and VEGFR 2 were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS ICA obvi ously attenuated neurological functional deficit score, as well as infarction volume.ICA raised the number of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP positive cells in the ischemia periphery zone of rats 28 d after ischemia.At the same time, ICA noticeablely en hanced the mRNA expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, BDNF and TrkB, and the protein expression of VEGF and BDNF and TrkB were increased 28 d after ischemia.CONCLUSION The re sults showed that ICA may promote neuregenesis and angiogene sis after ischemia in rats, and the possible mechanism might be,at least partly, due to an increase of BDNF and its receptor TrkB, VEGF and its receptor VEGFR2 in the brain.