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Aims:To evaluate iftransplantation ofallogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs)could promote the delayed wound healing in diabetic rats and to investigate the possible underlying biological mechanisms involved in this process Methods:A delayed wound healing animal model w-as established by making a standard wound on both sides ofthe hind feet ofdiabetic rats BM-MSCs were labeled with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)in vitro Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:group L non-diabetic controls;group II,diabetic controls;group III,diabetic rats with subcutaneous transplantation ofBM.MSCs;and group IV,diabetic rats with Intramuscular transplantation of BM-MSCs On days 2,5,8 and 11 post-transplantation,the effect ofwound healing w-as evaluated by the rate ofwound contraction,granulation tissue formation and the expression ofCD31,Ki一67 as well as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in wound tissues Results:Compared to rats in group I(non-diabetic controls),the rate ofwound healing in the diabetic controls was delayed While compared to rats in group II, which were treated with phosphate buffered solution(PBS),transplantation ofBM—MSCs significantly promoted the wound healing in groups III and IV,in which a higher rate ofwound contraction,thicker granulationtissue,moreCD31-positive small bloodvessels andKi-67-positive cells and a significantlyhigher expression ofVEGF were detected The group IV demonstrated the best efficacy.Conclusions:We concluded that BM-MSCs had a positive effect on delayed wound healing in diabetic rats Statistically significant results were noted in an intramuscular transplantation model This effect is associated with granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis,cellular proliferation and high VEGF expression in wound tissues.