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Background Cigarette smoking is independent risk factor of cardiovscular disease.Numerous studies have shown that smoking cause significant endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory state, triggering of coronary thrombosis, coronary artery spasm.However, the mechanism by which smoking cause arterial thrombosis remains unknown.Thrombomodulin(TM) is constitutively expressed on the endothelial cell surface.The major function of TM is to form a high affinity l : 1complex with thrombin.The complex of TM/Thrombin has several important roles including activation of protein C and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor.Thus, TM has a critical effect on anticoagulation.Several studies showed that the effects of cigarette smoking on TM expression are inconsistent.It is not clear the way leading to intravascular thrombosis whether cigarette smoking affect the expression of TM.Therefore, we studied the expression of thrombomodulin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under different cigarette smoke extract conditions.