人造精子的建立和研究进展

来源 :第11届海峡两岸细胞生物学学术研讨会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:lglglglglg18
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  单倍体细胞是遗传学研究的重要工具,但是通常单倍体细胞只存在于低等生物中.如果能建立哺乳动物的单倍体细胞,将大大促进生命科学的研究.2011年,小鼠的单倍体胚胎干细胞从来源于卵母细胞的孤雌单倍体囊胚中建立,开辟了一个新的研究领域.2012年,我们建立了来自精子的孤雄单倍体囊胚的孤雄单倍体胚胎干细胞,并证明这些细胞能代替精子使卵母细胞"受精",产生健康的半克隆小鼠,故将此类细胞称为人造精子.但是,这些细胞的"精子"特性在长期传代过程中容易丢失,从而失去产生半克隆小鼠的能力.2013年,我们又成功建立了来自食蟹猴的孤雌单倍体胚胎干细胞,并证明这些细胞能够用于大规模的遗传筛选研究.这些研究成果为建立遗传改造动物模型提供了新的思路.今后研究希望建立非人灵长类的孤雄单倍体胚胎干细胞、获得具有稳定精子特性的孤雄单倍体胚胎干细胞.
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