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Growing studies have demonstrated that the adult mammalian heart preserves a self-renewal capacity and resides various stem cell populations.Also, approximately 20％ of cardiomyocytes are replenished by endogenous stem cells in the peri-infarct border zone after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice.Interestingly, Senyo et al.reported that ～20％ of pre-existing cardiomyocytes at the border zone undergo cell cycle although among them, only 3.2％ of cells complete the cell division.These results imply that the majority of replenished cardiomyocytes are originated from the endogenous stem/progenitor cells.Nevertheless, a therapy promoting endogenous stem cells to repair injury after MI, including systemic delivery of drugs, is still lacking.