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@@ Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by damage to the biliary epithelial cells.The pathogenesis of PBC remains unknown.Studies in this field suggested that PBC seems likely to be a multi-stage process,and possibly a consensus multi-stage model is needed.Previous studies on gene expression profiling in primary biliary cirrhosis have exclusively focused on liver tissue or intrahepatic cells.Since the pathological process is systemic,other complementary studies in blood cells seemed to be reasonable.In this study.we used oligonucleotide microarrays to explore differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of PBC patients,and analyzed the results by signaling pathways.We confLrmed the microarray results on the biological level by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(RTQ-PCR)in larger samples and compared the gene expression profiles between PBMCS and liver tissue.