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Although the functions of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) proteins are increasingly understood,the roles of host factors in modifying infection are less well understood.Growing evidence places deubiquitylation at the core of a multitude of regulatory processes,ranging from cell growth to innate immune response and health,such as cancer,degenerative and infectious diseases.The ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 encoded by the USP 18 gene has been shown to be a negative regulator of type-I interferon signaling (IFN) in both murien and porcine systems.More recently genetic and biochemical evidence has suggested important roles for USP18 in immune function.