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Objective: To investigate the incidence, indications, risk factors and transfusions of peripartum hysterectomy in China.Methods: A population-based study was conducted using inpatient records of 38 hospitals between January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for peripartum hysterectomy.Results: During the study period, there were 43 peripartum hysterectomy cases out of 114,420 deliveries(0.38‰).Abnormal placentation was major indication for peripartum hysterectomy.Several factors significantly increased the risk of peripartum hysterectomy in this population: placenta previa/accreta (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 49.7, 95% CI 25.0 -98.9), maternal age≥35y (aOR 8.1, 95% CI 4.0-16.0), preeclampsia/eclampsia (aOR 7.5, 95% CI 2.6-21.7), cesarean delivery (aOR 3, 95% CI 1.1-8.0),and multiparity (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-5.4).In contrast, multiple gestation did not.Conclusions: Placenta previa/accreta, maternal age≥35y, preeclampsia/eclampsia, cesarean delivery and multiparity were risk factors of peripartum hysterectomy.