黄海陆架区不同粒级的底栖生物多样性特点及变化

来源 :2015海峡两岸海洋生物多样性研讨会 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:lijincai0122
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  黄海是典型的陆架边缘海,由于特殊的地理环境、海底地形和气候条件,夏季深水区形成冷水团,栖息着数量占优势的北太平洋温带生物区系,受全球变化和人类活动影响显著.本研究基于大面站调查和历史资料的对比分析,综合分析了黄海的微型、小型和大型底栖生物群落结构和多样性及其变化.研究表明,黄海大型底栖生物具有高物种多样性和高生物量,冷水性无脊椎动物和鱼类十分丰富,有660种,占黄海总种数的41.1%.已鉴定并描述黄海线虫240余种,建立新属3个,发表新种54个,待发表新种十余个.鉴定纤毛虫200余种,新物种20余个,冷水团中的底栖纤毛虫在群落构成上异于潮间带.研究显示,人类干扰和全球气候变化对冷水性生物的胁迫极为明显.近50年来黄海的底栖生物群落结构已发生了明显的变化:过去一些优势种有的种个体数量大减,有的种和整个群落已消失;最主要的底栖生物群落代表种一两种蛇尾仍保持数量优势,但其分布区已明显缩小/北退.生物量也发生了较大变化:1959年北黄海的大型底栖生物生物量是南黄海的2倍,南、北黄海均以软体动物最占优势,其次为棘皮动物;而2007年南黄海的生物量则略高于北黄海,北黄海以棘皮动物最占优势,南黄海以多毛类最占优势,小型化趋势明显.与大型底栖生物的数量分布不同,北黄海的小型底栖生物现存量是南黄海的2倍多,微型底栖生物也以北黄海高于南黄海.底栖细菌和微型鞭毛虫无论在生物量还是生产量上,均远高于大型底栖动物;底栖原生动物贡献了约90%的微型和小型底栖生物的新陈代谢率.自2008年夏季浒苔的持续暴发以及水母暴发的影响,黄海的底栖生物群落从粒径上趋向于小型化发展,从生物量和新陈代谢上趋向于异养化.国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2011CB403604)和国家自然科学基金项目(41476144)资助.
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