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It is well known that voluntary exercise (VE) increases both cellular proliferation and neurogenesis in the brains of adult mice and rats.We have recently shown that heat acclimation promotes neurogenesis in the rat hypothalamus.Similarly to heat acclimation, exercise training has been shown to modify thermoregulatory functions in rodents.Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the influence of wheel running on neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in rat hypothalamus.