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目的:为微创后外侧入路全髋关节置换的体表定位提供解剖学依据。方法:解剖观察30侧成人臀区标本,以同侧股骨大转子外侧缘最突出点(A点)与髂后上棘沿髂嵴向前3.0cm处(C点)作连线,A点与C点连线的中点处为B点,A、B两点连线即为所设计的长8.0cm微创全髋关节置换后外侧入路切口。了解臀上动、静脉、神经与臀下动、静脉、神经及坐骨神经和微创后外侧入路切口的解剖关系。结果:臀上神经及臀上动、静脉在梨状肌上孔处距切口的距离为(3.69±0.79)cm,臀下神经及臀下动、静脉在梨状肌下孔处距切口的距离为(5.83±1.21)cm,坐骨神经在梨状肌下孔以下距切口最近距离为(4.09±0.66)cm。结论:微创后外侧入路切口可有效避开重要神经血管,解剖学骨性标志定位简捷。
Objective: To provide anatomic evidence for the location of the total hip joint replacement after minimally invasive lateral approach. Methods: Thirty adult adult buttocks specimens were dissected. The most prominent point (A point) of the lateral side of the greater trochanter and ipsilateral posterior iliac crest 3.0cm (C point) Point C at the midpoint of the connection point B, A, B two points is the design of the 8.0cm minimally invasive total hip replacement lateral incision. Understand the anatomy of the superior and inferior gluteal artery, vein, nerve and inferior gluteal artery, vein, nerve and sciatic nerve and minimally invasive posterior lateral approach incision. Results: The distance between superior gluteal nerve and superior gluteal artery and superior vena cava in the hole of piriformis was (3.69 ± 0.79) cm. The distance between the inferior gluteal nerve and inferior gluteal artery and vein in the inferior hole of piriformis was (5.83 ± 1.21) cm, the distance between the sciatic nerve and the incision below the inferior foramen was (4.09 ± 0.66) cm. Conclusion: Minimally invasive posterior lateral approach incision can effectively avoid the important neurovascular, anatomical bone markers simple positioning.