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Objectives MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and cellular differentiation.Recently, circulating miRNAs have been proposed as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular disease.However, its value in the evaluation of perioperative myocardial injury has not yet been assessed.In the present study, we presumed that plasma concentrations of miR-499 may serve as a biomarker for identifying myocardial injury in cardiac surgery.