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目的 了解影响上海市城乡老年人健康和生存质量的几种常见慢性病的现况。 方法 采用分层、多级、整群抽样的方法对上海 2 2个居委会及 14个村委会所属年龄≥ 6 0岁 12 5 90名居民按名单入户调查自报慢性病的患病情况。 结果 老年人慢性病总患病率为 6 0 3% ,其中男性患病率 5 9 4% ,女性 6 1 9% ,女性高于男性。城区老年人慢性病总患病率为 6 6 5 % ,明显高于农村(5 3 9% ) ,且城区女性高于男性 ,农村两性之间差异无显著性。城市老年人慢性病患病率由高到低前6位依次为高血压、白内障、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、冠心病、其他心脏病、糖尿病 ,其患病率分别为33 6 %、18 3%、11 9%、9 1%、7 9%、5 9%。农村老年人患病率由高到低依次为高血压、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、白内障、耳聋、其他心脏病、骨畸形及骨质疏松症 ,其患病率依次为 2 0 9%、15 2 %、7 0 %、5 7%、4 3%、4 2 %。 结论 城乡之间慢性病分布现状和特点差异有显著性 ,针对不同情况应采取不同的预防措施 ,以提高老年人的健康水平和生存质量
Objective To understand the current status of several common chronic diseases that affect the health and quality of life of Shanghai urban and rural elderly. Methods The stratified, multi-level, cluster sampling method was used to investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases in 22 households with ages ≥ 60 and residents of 14 village committees. Results The total prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly was 60 3%. Among them, the prevalence of males was 5.94% and that of females was 61.9%. Women were higher than men. The total prevalence of chronic diseases among urban elderly was 66.5%, which was significantly higher than that of rural areas (53.9%). Urban women were higher than men, and there was no significant difference between rural sexes. The prevalence rate of chronic diseases in the elderly in the elderly from high to low was hypertension, cataract, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, other heart disease, and diabetes, and the prevalence rates were 36% and 18% respectively. 11 9%, 9 1%, 7 9%, 5 9%. The prevalence rate of the elderly in the rural areas from high to low was hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cataracts, deafness, other heart diseases, bone malformation, and osteoporosis. The prevalence rates were 209% and 15 2 in turn. %, 70%, 57%, 4 3%, 4 2%. Conclusion There are significant differences in the distribution status and characteristics of chronic diseases between urban and rural areas. Different prevention measures should be taken to improve the health and quality of life of the elderly.