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近年来,日本企业面临严峻的经营困境。2008年雷曼危机之后,2011年发生了地震、海啸、核电事故、急剧的日元升值、国内经济的萧条和需求低迷,被称为“六重苦”。在长期日元升值的情况下,大企业加速了海外投资。而中小企业为了保证产品订货甚者二次下包企业也被迫选择转向海外。但是在亚洲各国竞争力不断增强的市场中,日本企业面临着当地企业和外国企业激烈的价格竞争。从国际化经营的角度看,日本的中小企业在亚洲、欧洲等开始当地化生产、确立生产据点配置战略,面临着很多课题。本文从据点的再配置、人才培育等角度考察全球化社会中日本中小企业的产品制造问题。
In recent years, Japanese companies are facing severe operational difficulties. After the 2008 Lehman crisis, an earthquake, a tsunami, a nuclear accident, a sharp appreciation of the yen, a slump in the domestic economy and a sluggish demand in 2011 were known as the “six hardships.” In the long-term yen appreciation, large enterprises accelerated overseas investment. Small and medium enterprises in order to ensure that product orders or even secondary underwriting companies are forced to choose to overseas. However, in the increasingly competitive markets of Asian countries, Japanese enterprises are facing fierce price competition between local enterprises and foreign enterprises. From the perspective of international operations, SMEs in Japan have begun to localize their production in Asia and Europe, establish their production base allocation strategy and face many problems. This article examines the product manufacturing problems of Japanese SMEs in a globalized society from the perspectives of relocation of positions and personnel training.