论文部分内容阅读
目的探讨健康教育与健康促进对汽车4S店企业作业工人的职业卫生行为的干预效果,为降低职业病发病风险提供策略。方法采用整群随机抽样方法选择研究对象,分为对照组和干预组,干预组采用现场讲座、发放宣传资料、小组讨论等综合干预方法进行为期1个月的干预;对照组不进行干预。干预前后进行问卷调查。结果干预前,干预组和对照组的工人对《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》(简称《职业病防治法》)、粉尘、噪声、高温、苯及其同系物以及电焊弧光等危害及防护知识知晓率分别为57.14%、61.22%、69.38%、68.08%、67.34%、59.18%、65.96%和65.31%。干预后,干预组职业卫生知识有了明显提高,作业工人对《职业病防治法》、粉尘、苯及同系物、噪声等危害及防护知识的知晓率分别达到82.61%、89.13%、82.61%和84.78%,与干预前对各项知识的知晓率(分别为57.44%、61.70%、59.57%和70.21%)和对照组的知晓率(分别为58.33%、64.58%、60.41%和70.83%)相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论实施职业健康促进活动,可以有效提高4S店职工的职业卫生知识,改善其职业卫生态度和卫生行为习惯。
Objective To explore the effects of health education and health promotion on the occupational health behaviors of workers in automobile 4S stores and to provide strategies for reducing the risk of occupational diseases. Methods Randomized sampling method was used to select subjects. The intervention group was divided into control group and intervention group. Intervention group adopted one-month intervention such as on-the-spot lectures, dissemination of publicity materials and group discussion, and the intervention group did not intervene. Before and after the intervention questionnaire. Results Before the intervention, the workers in the intervention group and the control group were aware of the hazards of “Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law of the People’s Republic of China” (“Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law”), dust, noise, high temperature, benzene and its homologues and arc welding and protection knowledge 57.14%, 61.22%, 69.38%, 68.08%, 67.34%, 59.18%, 65.96% and 65.31% respectively. After the intervention, the occupational health knowledge of the intervention group was significantly improved. The occupational health workers awareness of Occupational Disease Prevention Law, dust, benzene and homologues, noise and other hazards and protection knowledge reached 82.61%, 89.13%, 82.61% and 84.78 respectively %, Which were significantly lower than those of the control group (58.33%, 64.58%, 60.41% and 70.83% respectively) compared with those of the control group before intervention (57.44%, 61.70%, 59.57% and 70.21% respectively) , The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The implementation of occupational health promotion activities can effectively enhance the occupational health knowledge of 4S shop employees and improve their occupational health attitude and health behaviors.