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脑血管内皮细胞生成和释放血管舒张因子目前已经证明内皮衍生舒张因子在脑血管张力调节中有着重要作用。内皮衍生舒张因子已确定是一氧化氮。在正常生理条件下,当脑血管对外界刺激发生扩张作用时、一氧化氮对血管扩张起着非常重要的调节作用。除了血管内皮细胞,脑内某些神经元或神经节细胞也能产生一氧化氮。内皮细胞除了生成一氧化氮外,还能生成和释放其它血管舒张因子,如前列腺环素、内皮衍生去极化因子和氧自由基等。在某些病理条件下,脑血管内皮依赖舒张作用受到破坏,进而生成一些血管收缩因子,如花生四烯酸代谢产物和内皮素等。脑内血管内皮细胞依赖作用被破坏还与脑血管疾病发生发展有关,如脑缺血、脑血管痉挛和脑卒中等。
Cerebral vascular endothelial cells produce and release of vasodilators It has been demonstrated that endothelial-derived relaxing factor plays an important role in the regulation of cerebrovascular tone. Endothelial-derived relaxing factor has been identified as nitric oxide. Under normal physiological conditions, nitric oxide plays a very important regulatory role in the expansion of blood vessels when cerebrovascular is dilated by external stimuli. In addition to vascular endothelial cells, certain neurons or ganglion cells in the brain also produce nitric oxide. In addition to nitric oxide production, endothelial cells produce and release other vasodilators such as prostacyclin, endothelial-derived depolarizing factor and oxygen free radicals. Under some pathological conditions, the endothelium-dependent relaxation of cerebrovascular endothelium is destroyed, and then some vasoconstriction factors are generated, such as arachidonic acid metabolites and endothelin. Brain vascular endothelial cell-dependent destruction is also associated with the development of cerebrovascular disease, such as cerebral ischemia, cerebral vasospasm and stroke.