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钢轨中大尺寸外来夹杂物的存在危及行车安全。通过统计近几年钢轨批检验工作中检出大尺寸夹杂物案例,采用能谱分析化学成分,对夹杂物的来源进行了讨论。结果表明:中国钢轨生产厂技术改造后,尤其是铁路钢轨标准的技术要求提高之后,钢轨内部夹杂物的形态与特点发生了较大的变化;钢轨内的大尺寸外来夹杂物多由连铸系统引入;耐火材料卷入对钢轨疲劳性能影响较大;连铸结晶器保护渣卷入钢坯的情况需要引起钢厂的足够重视。
The presence of large foreign inclusions in the rail endangers traffic safety. Through statistics of large-scale inclusions detected in the batch inspection work of railways in recent years, the sources of inclusions were discussed using energy spectrum analysis of chemical composition. The results show that the shape and characteristics of the inclusions in the rail have a great change after the technological transformation of the rail manufacturing plant in China, especially the technical requirements of the railroad track standard. Large foreign inclusions in the rail are mostly produced by the continuous casting system The introduction of refractory material has a great effect on the fatigue properties of the rail. The situation that the continuous casting mold powder is involved in the billet needs to be paid enough attention by the steel mills.