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急性肾衰是出于各种原因(如失血、休克、创伤、严重感染败血症、肾中毒及肾小球疾患)所致的肾缺血,肾小球滤过率下降,肾小管坏死。临床表现为少尿或无尿,伴有血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)等代谢物质的急剧增高,迅速出现氮质血症及水电解质紊乱和酸硷平衡失调等严重的急性肾功能衰竭综合征。需血透的急性肾功能衰竭患者,首先应除外由失血、脱水所致血管内容量不足等引起的肾前性氮质血症及由于尿路梗阻(肿瘤、粘连、结石等)造成的肾后性急性肾衰。肾脏本身病变,可由诸多因素引起急性肾功能衰竭,需尽快做出正确诊断,为有效的治疗提供先决条件。急性间质性肾炎是由于某些药物过敏引起,尤以氨基糖甙类抗菌素、磺胺类、青霉素、先锋
Acute renal failure is caused by a variety of causes such as blood loss, shock, trauma, severe sepsis, nephrotoxicosis and glomerular disorders caused by renal ischemia, glomerular filtration rate decreased tubular necrosis. Clinical manifestations of oliguria or anuria, accompanied by a sharp increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and other metabolites, the rapid emergence of azotemia and water and electrolyte imbalance and acid-base imbalance and other serious acute renal function Depletion syndrome. Patients with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis should first be treated with the exception of prerenal azotemia and nephrotoxicity due to urinary tract obstruction (tumor, adhesions, stones, etc.) caused by insufficient blood vessels due to blood loss and dehydration Acute renal failure. Kidney itself disease, acute renal failure caused by many factors, the need to make the correct diagnosis as soon as possible, provide a precondition for effective treatment. Acute interstitial nephritis is caused due to some drug allergy, especially aminoglycoside antibiotics, sulfonamides, penicillin, Pioneer