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目的:研究不同浓度重金属镉离子胁迫下对参环毛蚓胃肠道结构的影响。方法:采用不同浓度镉离子胁迫参环毛蚓染毒、HE组织切片染色、光学显微镜及透射电镜下观察参环毛蚓胃肠道超微结构损伤的变化。结果:随着镉离子浓度的增加,参环毛蚓的肠道粘膜上皮细胞有大量溶酶体增生,高尔基复合体增生、扩张呈大泡状,微绒毛、纤毛排列不整齐、紊乱,当镉离子浓度达到30mg/kg时,参环毛蚓肠粘膜上皮细胞微绒毛出现萎缩,纤毛细胞出现溃疡坏死病灶,核膜解体、核质外溢,最后导致坏死。结论:参环毛蚓胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞超微结构的受损程度,是随土壤重金属的污染量而定。在较低重金属浓度条件下,参环毛蚓肠上皮细胞是以溶酶体增生、存积一定量的重金属元素的方式来应对其毒害作用,也可视为肠上皮细胞对有毒异物的一种应答反应,为可逆性损伤;而在较高重金属浓度条件下,肠上皮细胞是以微绒毛和线粒体损伤为主,核膜解体、核质外溢,最后导致坏死,为不可逆性损伤。由此推断,参环毛蚓对重金属的高耐受性或富集作用是通过其肠上皮细胞的这种特性来实现的。
Objective: To study the effect of Cd (superscript 2 +) in different concentration on gastrointestinal structure of Epimedium. Methods: Cd (superscript 2 +) and Cd (superscript 2 +) were used to treat the gastrointestinal tract ultrastructural damage induced by cadmium. The HE staining and HE staining were used to observe the changes of ultrastructure of the gastrointestinal tract induced by earthworm. Results: With the increase of Cd2 + concentration, a large amount of lysosomes proliferated in intestinal mucosa epithelial cells of the epiphyllous earthworm, the Golgi complex hyperplasia, the expansion was vesicular, microvilli, cilia arranged irregularly, disorder, when cadmium When the ion concentration reached 30mg / kg, the microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells of A. repens atrophy, ulcer and necrotic lesions appeared in ciliated cells, the nuclear membrane disintegrated, and the cytoplasm overflowed, eventually leading to necrosis. Conclusion: The damage degree of the ultrastructure of gastrointestinal tract mucosa epithelial cells of Epimedium is dependent on the amount of soil heavy metal pollution. Under the condition of lower concentration of heavy metals, Eisenia fetida intestinal epithelial cells respond to their toxic effects by lysosomal proliferation and accumulation of a certain amount of heavy metal elements, and also can be regarded as a kind of toxic substances to intestinal epithelial cells The response was reversible. In the condition of higher concentration of heavy metals, the intestinal epithelial cells were mainly damaged by microvilli and mitochondria. The nuclear membrane disintegrated and the cytoplasm overflowed, leading to necrosis and irreversible damage. From this, we conclude that the high tolerance or enrichment effect of Eisenia foetida on heavy metals is achieved through this characteristic of intestinal epithelial cells.