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目的了解医院感染病原菌分布及其耐药性,为指导临床抗菌药物的合理使用提供依据。方法对2013年10月至2015年5月临床送检的各类标本中分离的病原菌及耐药性进行回顾性统计分析。结果共检测出病原菌2 032株,其中革兰阴性菌占72.7%,革兰阳性菌占21.6%,真菌占5.7%;大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率分别为14.5%、12.1%、11.3%和10.8%。多重耐药菌的检出率达13.1%,其中耐碳青霉烯类大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率分别为该菌种的0.4%、22.8%和71.8%。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率为16.9%。还检测出1株耐万古霉素屎肠球菌。结论医院感染以革兰阴性杆菌为主,多重耐药菌的检出率较高。临床上应重视病原微生物的培养,加强多重耐药菌感染患者的管理及抗菌药物的合理使用,减少耐药菌株的产生。
Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in nosocomial infections and provide evidence for the rational use of clinical antimicrobial agents. Methods Retrospective statistical analysis was performed on the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance isolated from various specimens collected from October 2013 to May 2015. Results A total of 2 032 pathogens were detected, of which, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 72.7%, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 21.6% and fungi accounted for 5.7%. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bowman The detection rates of Acinetobacter were 14.5%, 12.1%, 11.3% and 10.8% respectively. The detection rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria was 13.1%. The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were 0.4%, 22.8% And 71.8%. The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 16.9%. A vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was also detected. Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli are the main nosocomial infection, and the detection rate of multi-resistant bacteria is higher. Clinic should pay attention to the cultivation of pathogenic microorganisms to strengthen the management of patients with multiple drug-resistant infections and the rational use of antimicrobial agents to reduce the generation of drug-resistant strains.