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一、导言 1962年韩国开始了旨在摆脱贫困的第一个五年经济发展计划。从此,韩国经历了产出高增长率及相对于国民生产总值的投资率,储蓄率和进口,出口率的上升。在1970—89年间,实际国民生产总值增长了4倍多,以1985年不变价计算,年均增长8.2％;1989年人均国民生产总值达到4968美元,是10年前的3倍多。此外,出口值从1970年的8.35亿美元增加到1989年的623.77亿美元,年均增长22.7％(以现价计算),占国民生产总值的29.7％。经济的如此迅速增长是出口扩大及政府强大投入集聚增长的结果。然而,旨在使国家或区域发展效率最高的中央政府政策已使国内区域不平衡加剧。由于公共投资集中在汉城和釜山大都市区等少数几个区位条件优越的地区和城市中心,从而使极化趋势加剧。从更为均衡的区域发展的角度看,人口和经济活动(尤其是制造业)的过分集中已成为决策者,规
I. Introduction In 1962, South Korea started its first five-year economic development plan aimed at getting out of poverty. Since then, South Korea has experienced a high rate of output growth and an increase in its investment rate, saving rate, and import and export rates relative to the gross national product. In 1970-89, the real GNP increased by more than four times, with an average annual increase of 8.2% at an unchanged price in 1985; the GNP per capita in 1989 reached US $ 4,968, more than three times that 10 years ago. In addition, the value of exports increased from 835 million U.S. dollars in 1970 to 62.377 billion U.S. dollars in 1989, an average annual increase of 22.7% (at current prices), accounting for 29.7% of the GNP. Such rapid economic growth is the result of the expansion of exports and the intensive growth of government investment. However, central government policies designed to maximize the efficiency of national or regional development have exacerbated domestic imbalances. As the public investment is concentrated in a few well-located districts and urban centers such as Seoul and Busan metropolitan area, the polarization trend is aggravated. From a more balanced regional development perspective, over-concentration of population and economic activity (especially in manufacturing) has become a policy-maker