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机体中的免疫系统有多种方法能够应对来自外界(比如病原体)的威胁,其中一种防御性机制就是自体吞噬过程(简称为自噬),我们可以将自噬想象成一种细胞吸尘器,其能够通过清除并且降解病原体或者细胞的破碎部分来维持细胞清洁,这就可以预防毒性废物的积累并且保护细胞的正常功能,自噬水平的降低在机体老化和长寿方面扮演着关键的角色,如果和自噬相关的基因在诸如秀丽隐杆线虫等动物机体中被剔除的话,我们就能够观察到动物寿命的降低以及老化的开始阶段。
There are many ways in the body’s immune system to deal with threats from the outside world, such as pathogens. One of the defensive mechanisms is autophagy (autophagy), and we can visualize autophagy as a cell vacuum that can Maintaining cell cleansing by clearing and degrading pathogens or disrupted parts of the cell prevents the accumulation of toxic waste and protects the normal function of the cell. Decreasing autophagy plays a key role in the aging and longevity of the organism. When phage-related genes are knocked out in the body of animals such as C. elegans, we can observe a decrease in animal lifespan and the beginning of aging.