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目的分析2014—2016年北京市西城区0~5岁儿童传染病流行特征,为科学防控传染病提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对西城区0~5岁儿童传染病病例进行统计分析。结果 2014—2016年北京市西城区报告0~5岁儿童传染病14种6 149例,年均报告发病率4 743.57/10万。传播途径以肠道为主,占71.08%;发病居前6位的依次为手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病、流行性感冒、水痘、猩红热及流行性腮腺炎,其中流行性感冒发病率波动最为明显,流行性腮腺炎、麻疹、细菌性痢疾发病率持续下降。发病呈双峰态势,高峰分别在5—7月和11月至次年1月;年均发病率以5岁组和1岁组较高;男童年均报告发病率高于女童(χ~2=110.18,P<0.01)。聚集和暴发疫情以手足口病为主,占95.32%。结论西城区0~5岁儿童传染病发病率较高,防控重点应以肠道传染病为主,重点关注托幼机构手足口疫情,加强以免疫规划管理为主的综合防治措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious diseases among children aged 0 ~ 5 in Xicheng District, Beijing from 2014 to 2016, and provide a scientific basis for scientific prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of children aged 0 ~ 5 in Xicheng District. Results From 2014 to 2016, Xicheng District of Beijing reported 6 149 cases of 14 kinds of infectious diseases among children 0-5 years old, with an average annual incidence of 4 743.57 / 100,000. The main routes of transmission were intestinal tract, accounting for 71.08% of the total; the top 6 pathogens were hand-foot-mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea, influenza, varicella, scarlet fever and mumps, of which the incidence of influenza was fluctuating Most obviously, the incidence of mumps, measles and bacillary dysentery has been declining. The incidence was bimodal, the peak was from May to July and November to January next year; the average annual incidence of 5-year-old group and 1-year-old group were higher; boys reported an average annual incidence rate was higher than the girls (χ ~ 2 = 110.18, P <0.01). Aggregation and outbreaks were mainly hand-foot-mouth disease, accounting for 95.32%. Conclusion The prevalence of infectious diseases among children aged 0 ~ 5 years in Xicheng District is high. The main focus of prevention and control should be intestinal infectious diseases, with a focus on hand-foot-mouth epidemics in nurseries and the integrated prevention and control measures focusing on immunization planning and management.