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目的:调查小儿脑性瘫痪(CerebralPalsy,简称CP)的发病率 ,临床分类及影响CP的高危因素。方法 :把吉林地区被调查的0～6岁儿童划分为三个不同区域 ,即市区、化工区、农牧区 ,共调查30876人。用统一计划、统一表格 ,统一标准化的国际通行调查方法。结果 :经过二年的调查研究和定群随访 ,新诊断CP患儿56例。农牧区发病率为3.5‰ ,化工区为2.4‰ ,市区为1.3‰ ,总发病率为1.8‰。不同的区域间有显著差异(P<0.01)。各年龄组发病率为～6个月4例(7.2 %)、～1岁7例(12.4%)、～3岁37例(66.1 %) ,～6岁8例(14.3 %)。不同年龄组的发病率有显著差异。对CP的20余种高危因素的调查 ,经Logistic多元回归分析发现 ,最多见的高危因素依次为 :新生儿窒息、早产、低体重、双胞胎、颅内出血和核黄疸。而16 %的患儿无明显病因。结论 :医疗条件较差的农牧区CP的发病率远高于市区。目前我国CP的早期诊断仍比较落后 ,56例患者中仅占4例(7.2 %) ,这与发达国家早期诊断率40 %～60 % ,相差甚远。本调查对目前我国CP的发病率 ,不同高危因素对CP发病的影响以及CP的分类 ,提供了科学的理论依据。
Objective: To investigate the incidence, clinical classification and risk factors of cerebral cerebral palsy (CP) in children. Methods: The 0-6-year-old children surveyed in Jilin area were divided into three different regions, that is, urban, chemical, agricultural and pastoral areas. A total of 30,876 people were investigated. With a unified plan, a unified form, unified and standardized international survey methods. Results: After two years of investigation and follow-up, 56 new cases of CP were diagnosed. The incidence of farming and pastoral areas was 3.5 ‰, the chemical area was 2.4 ‰, and the urban area was 1.3 ‰, with a total incidence of 1.8 ‰. There were significant differences between different regions (P <0.01). The incidence of all age groups was ~ 6 months in 4 patients (7.2%), ~ 1 year in 7 patients (12.4%), ~ 3 years in 37 patients (66.1%) and ~ 6 years in 8 patients (14.3%). The incidence of different age groups were significantly different. More than 20 kinds of risk factors of CP survey, Logistic multivariate regression analysis found that the most common risk factors were: neonatal asphyxia, premature birth, low birth weight, twins, intracranial hemorrhage and kernicterus. While 16% of children had no obvious cause. Conclusion: The incidence of CP in rural areas and pastoral areas with poor medical conditions is much higher than that in urban areas. At present, the early diagnosis of CP is still relatively backward in China, accounting for only 4 cases (7.2%) in 56 cases, which is far from the early diagnosis rate of 40% -60% in developed countries. This survey provides a scientific theoretical basis for the current incidence of CP in our country, the impact of different risk factors on the incidence of CP, and the classification of CP.