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以不同时期的地方志、文史资料等地方文献为主,古代本草为辅,结合实地调查,对重庆石斛资源分布及应用历史进行考证。结果表明,重庆系石斛道地产区,有16部地方文献对石斛有相关记载,并以民国《巴县志》和《石柱县医药志》记载最为详细;原植物主要有石斛Dendrobium nobile Lindl.,分布在巴南、大足、江津、合川等渝中和渝西地区;也有少数的细茎石斛Dendrobium moniliforme(L.)Sw.、广东石斛Dendrobium wilsonii Rolfe和曲茎石斛Dendrobium flexicaule Z.H.Tsi,S.C.Cum et L.G.Xu等,主要分布在石柱、万州、云阳、黔江等渝东一带,在解放前曾大量采集、加工和应用。由于过度采集,重庆石斛资源已处于濒危状态,亟待保护,应积极探索野生资源的引种驯化和仿生栽培,以实现资源的可持续利用。
Based on the local literature of different periods, local literature and historical documents, supplemented by ancient Materia Medica, combined with field investigation, the distribution and application history of Dendrobium in Chongqing were studied. The results showed that 16 Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Strains of Dendrobium have been recorded in Chongqing Dendrobium Road real estate area, most of them are recorded in “Baxianzhi” and “Shizhu County Medical Records” in the Republic of China. There are also a few Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw., Dendrobium wilsonii Rolfe and Dendrobium flexicaule ZHTsi, SCCum et LGXu in Banan, Dazu, Jiangjin and Hechuan. Etc., mainly distributed in the areas of Shizhu, Wanzhou, Yunyang, Qianjiang and other eastern areas of Chongqing. They were collected, processed and applied before liberation. Due to over-harvesting, the Dendrobium resources in Chongqing are in an endangered state and are in urgent need of protection. The introduction, domestication and bionic cultivation of wild resources should be actively explored in order to realize the sustainable use of resources.