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现代经济发展史表明,一个国家经济发展的过程,不仅表现为国民生产总值的增长,还必然伴随着产业结构的逐步升级。在这过程中,总量与结构是紧密联系,相互作用的。这种关联在一个较短时期或近期的经济运动中可能表现得不明显,但从一个较长的历史过程或中长期来展望则较显著。产业结构的变化既是经济发展的必然结果,也是经济发展的必要条件。中国和印度是邻国,在历史上两国都深受封建主义、殖民主义之害,又在相近的时间里获得独立。建国以后,印度实施了由公营经济和私营经济组成的混合经济体制,我国则采取以计划经济为主体、多种经济成分并存的社会主义经济体制。在各自的经济体制内,两国都
The history of modern economic development shows that the process of a country’s economic development is not only reflected in the growth of the gross national product but also accompanied by the gradual escalation of its industrial structure. In this process, the total quantity and structure are closely linked and interact with each other. This correlation may not be obvious in a relatively short period of time or in recent economic movements. However, it is more obvious from a long historical process or in the medium to long term. The changes in the industrial structure are both the inevitable result of economic development as well as the necessary conditions for economic development. China and India are neighboring countries. Historically, both countries were deeply victimized by feudalism and colonialism and gained independence at similar times. After the founding of New China, India implemented a mixed economic system consisting of a public economy and a private economy while China adopted a socialist economic system featuring a planned economy and various economic components coexisting. In their respective economic systems, both countries are