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恶性黑素瘤(简称恶黑)主要来源于二种细胞,一种为黑色素细胞,一种为痣细胞。此二类细胞的恶性变呈现明显的多阶段性。且进展原则上也不是整个病灶均一恶化,可见到皮损局部的点状前进式的进化过程,产生所谓的病灶点状异质性。且病灶发生癌变的每个阶段都具有相应时期的组织病理学及临床特征。如能充分掌握这些特征,对恶黑的预防及早期诊断的更精确化变为可能,由此也可制定出各个阶段的治疗方法。国外报道,由于恶黑能早期诊断,故使一直被视为绝症的恶黑的五年生存期可达到80％左右。 目前,从临床生物学角度对恶黑发生的多阶段性的研究报道很多。认为只要对恶黑病灶及病史进行仔细观察及分析,使对由黑色素细胞产生的恶黑(恶性黑子、恶性兰痣)以及由痣细胞产生的恶黑(浅表型、结节型、肢端型)即二个系列五种类型的恶黑的癌前期诊断变为可能。这种诊断方法的进步,对各型恶黑的发生,进展,转移等各阶段的病灶的治疗也有了相应的措施。另,产生恶黑的各发癌阶段,其发癌母细胞系列及发癌的各阶段的肿瘤细胞发现抗原的变动异常。且肿瘤抑制基因也异常。
Malignant melanoma (abbreviated as black) is mainly derived from two kinds of cells, one is a melanocyte and the other is a nevus cell. The malignancy of these two types of cells presents obvious multi-stage. And in principle, the progress is not uniform deterioration of the entire lesion, and it can be seen that the punctate progression of the skin lesions in the process of evolution, resulting in the so-called focal heterogeneity. And each phase of the cancerous lesion has a corresponding period of histopathological and clinical features. If these characteristics are fully grasped, it becomes possible to prevent blackheads from being diagnosed and diagnosed earlier, and thus various treatment methods can be developed. According to foreign reports, due to the early diagnosis of evil blacks, the five-year longevity that has been considered as a terminal disease can reach 80%. At present, there are many reports on the multi-stage study of the occurrence of vicious black from the perspective of clinical biology. It is considered that as long as the ebony lesions and medical history are carefully observed and analyzed, the malignant blacks (malignant sunspots, malignant blues) produced by melanocytes and the sinister black cells (superficial, nodular, and extremities) are produced. Type) that is the precancerous diagnosis of two series of five types of malignant black become possible. The progress of this diagnostic method has also made corresponding measures for the treatment of various types of lesions such as the occurrence, progression, and metastasis of various forms of serotypes. In addition, in the malignant stage of each cancer, abnormal changes are found in the tumor cells in the oncogenic cell line and in various stages of cancer development. And tumor suppressor genes are also abnormal.