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本文基于我国1978—2002年间居民在初次分配中的要素所得,采用核密度函数估计各省区的收入分布,加总得到全国的收入分布,进而考察我国初次分配中的收入分布演进。主要发现是,我国收入分布不断向右平移,逐渐呈现双峰分布,这直观地刻画了我国要素收入快速增长以及在初次分配中就呈现两极分化的现状;两极分化主要是由劳动贡献这个分配标准在产业间的差异造成的,要素贡献的其他差异对我国收入分布的扭曲程度为2%—15%。这些发现意味着,缓解、消除两极分化在于校正、消除经济体现有的一些扭曲及其对收入分配标准的影响,健全现行收入分配制度的运行环境。
Based on the incomes of residents in primary distribution during 1978-2002 in our country, this paper estimates the distribution of income in each province by using the kernel density function and sums up the distribution of income in the whole country, and then examines the evolution of income distribution in the initial distribution of our country. The main finding is that the distribution of income in our country is continuously shifted to the right and gradually presents a bimodal distribution, which visually depicts the rapid growth of factor income in our country and the polarization of the situation in the initial distribution. The polarization is mainly determined by the distribution standard of labor contribution As a result of the differences among industries, other differences in the contribution of factors have distorted the distribution of income in China from 2% to 15%. These findings mean that alleviating and eliminating polarization lies in correcting, eliminating some of the distortions in the economy and their impact on the standards of income distribution, and improving the operating environment for the current income distribution system.